ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study on the Effect of Humidity on Electrical Properties of Copper-Silica Aerogel
> Copper-silica aerogel was synthesized by the sol-gel method and was heated at 400, 500 and 600°C for 3 h in the air. The gained materials were named as sample (a), (b) and (c) respectively. Then all samples were characterized by FE-SEM, EDX and FTIR spectroscopy. For resistance measurements the pulverized material was pressed to form a disk-type sensor. The measurements of resistance in the relative humidity range of 11.3-84.3% were performed for all samples. For the following experiments sample (a) was chosen. Then the response time and stability properties were examined. The response time of 7.5 minutes was obtained and the stability graphs showed that in the higher RH the sensor was more stable.
https://www.ijche.com/article_11231_dc942d0b96756d3bb0f750c43f9779ef.pdf
2015-04-01
3
12
Humidity Sensor
Silica Aerogel
Electrical Properties
Copper-Silica Composite
Resistance Measurements
N.
Yasrebi
1
Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
J.
Moghaddas
jafar.moghaddas@sut.ac.ir
2
Transport Phenomena Research Center, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Kulwicki, B. M., "Humidity sensors", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 74 (4), 697 (1991).
1
[2] Yamazoe, N. and Shimizu, Y., "Humidity sensors: principles and applications", Sens. Actuators, 10 (3), 379 (1986).
2
[3] Seiyama, T., Yamazoe, N. and Arai, H., "Ceramic humidity sensors", Sens. Actuators, 4, 85 (1983).
3
[4] Yeo, T., Sun, T. and Grattan, K., "Fibre-optic sensor technologies for humidity and moisture measurement", Sens. Actuators A: Physical, 144 (2), 280 (2008).
4
[5] Shimizu, Y., Arai, H. and Seiyama, T., "Theoretical studies on the impedance-humidity characteristics of ceramic humidity sensors", Sens. Actuators, 7 (1), 11 (1985).
5
[6] Nitta, T. and Hayakawa, S., "Ceramic humidity sensors", Manuf. Technol., 3 (2), 237 (1980).
6
[7] Bearzotti, A., Bertolo, J. M., Innocenzi, P., Falcaro P. and Traversa, E., "Humidity sensors based on mesoporous silica thin films synthesised by block copolymers", J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 24 (6), 1969 (2004).
7
[8] Tu, J., Li, N., Geng, W., Wang, R., Lai, X., Cao, Y., "Study on a type of mesoporous silica humidity sensing material", Sens. Actuators B, 166, 658 (2012).
8
[9] Zhang, T., Wang, R., Geng, W., Li, X., Qi, Q., He, Y., Wang, S., "Study on humidity sensing properties based on composite materials of Li-doped mesoporous silica A-SBA-15", Sens. Actuators B, 128 (2), 482 (2008).
9
[10] Tongpool, R. and Jindasuwan, S., "Sol–gel processed iron oxide–silica nanocomposite films as room-temperature humidity sensors", Sens. Actuators B, 106 (2), 523 (2005).
10
[11] Kang, E. S. and Nadargi, D. Y., "Silica] Gurav, J. L., Jung, I. K., Park, H. H., aerogel: synthesis and applications", J. Nanomater., 2010, 2010.
11
[12] Li, W. and Willey, R. J., "Stability of hydroxyl and methoxy surface groups on silica aerogels", J. Non-Cryst. Solids., 212 (2), 243 (1997).
12
[13] Wang, C. T., Wu, C. L., Chen, I. and Huang, Y. H., "Humidity sensors based on silica nanoparticle aerogel thin films", Sens. Actuators B, 107 (1), 402 (2005).
13
[14] Wang, C. T. and Wu, C. L., "Electrical sensing properties of silica aerogel thin films to humidity", Thin Solid Films, 496 (2), 658 (2006).
14
[15] Khalil, K. and Makhlouf, S. A., "Humidity sensing properties of porous iron oxide/silica nanocomposite prepared via a formamide modified sol–gel process", Sens. Actuators A, 48 (1), 39 (2008).
15
[16] Amiri, T. Y. and Moghaddas, J., "Cogeled copper–silica aerogel as a catalyst in hydrogen production from methanol steam reforming", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 40 (3), 1472 ( 2015).
16
[17] Greenspan, L., "Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions", J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 81 (1), 89 (1977).
17
[18] Wang, L., Li, D., Wang, R., He, Y., Qi, Q., Wang, Y. and Zhang, T., "Study on humidity sensing property based on Li-doped mesoporous silica MCM-41", Sens. Actuators B, 133 (2), 622 (2008).
18
[19] Kristiansen, T., Mathisen, K., Einarsrud, M. A., Bjørgen, M. and Nicholson, D. G., "Single-Site Copper by Incorporation in Ambient Pressure Dried Silica Aerogel and Xerogel Systems: An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study", J. Phys. Chem. C, 115 (39), 19260 (2011).
19
[20] Agarwal, S. and Sharma, G., "Humidity sensing properties of (Ba, Sr) TiO3 thin films grown by hydrothermal–electrochemical method", Sens.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental and CFD Study of the Tube Configuration Effect on the Shell-Side Thermal Performance in a Shell and Helically Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger
"> Despite numerous studies of shell and helically coiled tube heat exchangers, a few investigations on the heat transfer and flow characteristic consider the geometrical effects like coil pitch. Moreover, this scarcity is highlighted for the shell side of this type of heat exchangers. This study reports experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) investigations on heat transfer and flow characteristics of a shell and helically coiled tube heat exchanger. The experiments were carried out using a helically coiled tube, which was placed in a cylindrical shell. Hot and cold water were used as the process fluids on the tube and shell side, respectively. The CFD modeling technique was employed to describe the experimental results, fluid flow pattern, and temperature profiles as well as dead zones in the heat exchanger. Quantitative predicted results of CFD modeling show a good agreement with the experimental data for temperature. The effect of the coil pitch on heat transfer rate was numerically studied and it was found that the heat transfer coefficient intensifies with an increase in coil pitch. The average turbulent kinetic energy (k) for the old coil tube and twice coil pitch heat exchanger was computed as 2.9×10-3 and 3.3×10-3 m 2 /s2, respectively. This indicates an increase of about 14% in flow turbulent kinetic energy. Nusselt numbers were compared with those estimated using published correlation and a mean relative error (MRE) of 14.5% was found between the experimental and predicted data. However, a good agreement was obtained in lower shell Reynolds numbers (lower than Re=200).
https://www.ijche.com/article_11232_45850fa8657685b6ff3d83e339dde2d0.pdf
2015-04-01
13
25
Heat Exchanger, Helically Coiled
Shell Side, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Modeling
R.
Beigzadeh
1
CFD Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Parvareh
arsalanparvareh@yahoo.com
2
CFD Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Rahimi
3
CFD Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Zhou, Y., Yu, J. and Chen, X., "Thermodynamic optimization analysis of a tube-in-tube helically coiled heat exchanger for Joule–Thomson refrigerators", Int. J. Therm. Sci., 58, 151 (2012).
1
[2] Yi, J., Liu, Z. H. and Wang, J., "Heat transfer characteristics of the evaporator section using small helical coiled pipe in a looped heat pipe", Appl. Therm. Eng., 23 (1), 89 (2003).
2
[3] Wongwises, S. and Polsongkram, M., "Evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop of HFC-134a in a helically coiled concentric tube-in-tube heat exchanger", Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 49 (3-4), 658 (2006).
3
[4] Guo, L. J., Feng, Z. P., Chen, X. J., "Pressure drop oscillation of steam–water two-phase flow in a helically coiled tube", Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 44 (8) 1555 (2001).
4
[5] Vashisth, S., Kumar, V. and Nigam, K. D. P., "A review on the potential applications of curved geometries in process industry", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47 (10), 3291 (2008).
5
[6] Naphon, P. and Wongwises, S., "A review of flow and heat transfer characteristics in curved tubes", Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 10 (5), 463 (2006).
6
[7] Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, E. and Niazmand, H., "Convective heat transfer of nanofluids flows through an isothermally heated curved pipe", J. Chem. Eng., 8 (2), 81 (2011).
7
[8] Beigzadeh, R., Rahimi, M. and Parvizi, M., "Experimental study and genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization of thermal and flow characteristics in helically coiled tubes", Heat. Mass. Transfer., 49, 1307 (2013).
8
[9] Beigzadeh, R. and Rahimi, M., "Prediction of heat transfer and flow characteristics in helically coiled tubes using artificial neural networks", Int. Commun., Heat. Mass. Transfer., 39 (8), 1279 (2012).
9
[10] Beigzadeh. R., Rahimi, M., "Prediction of thermal and fluid flow characteristics in helically coiled tubes using ANFIS and GA based correlations", Int. Commun. Heat. Mass. Transfer., 39 (10), 1647 (2012).
10
[11] Salimpour, M. R., "Heat transfer coefficients of shell and coiled tube heat exchangers", Exp. Therm. Fluid. Sci., 33 (2), 203 (2009).
11
[12] Salimpour, M. R., "Heat transfer characteristics of a temperature-dependent-property fluid in shell and coiled tube heat exchangers", Int. Commun. Heat. Mass. Transfer., 35 (9), 1190 (2008).
12
[13] Eiamsaard, S., Wongcharee, K. and Sripattanapipat, S., "3-D Numerical simulation of swirling flow and convective heat transfer in a circular tube induced by means of loose-fit twisted tapes", Int. Commun. Heat. Mass. Transfer., 36 (9), 947 (2009).
13
[14] Moradi, M., Etemad, S. Gh. and Moheb A., "laminar flow heat transfer of a pseudoplastic fluid through a double pipe heat exchanger", Iran. J. Chem. Eng., 3 (2), 13 (2006).
14
[15] Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Huang, S., Liu, W. and Li, W., "Experimental investigation of shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a new type of baffles", Heat. Mass. Transfer., 47, 833 (2011).
15
[16] Chen, G. D., Zeng, M. and Wang, Q., "Experimental and numerical studies on shell-side performance of three different shell-and-tube heat exchangers with helical baffles", J. Enhanced Heat Trans., 18 (5), 449 (2011).
16
[17] Conté, I., Peng, X. F. and Wang, B. X., "Numerical investigation of forced fluid flow and heat transfer from conically coiled pipes", Numer. Heat. Tr. A-Appl., 53 (9), 945 (2008).
17
[18] Piazza, I. D. and Ciofalo, M., "Numerical prediction of turbulent flow and heat transferin helically coiled pipes", Int. J. Therm. Sci., 49 (4), 653 (2010).
18
[19] Jayakumar, J. S., Mahajani, S. M., Mandal, J. C., Vijayan, P. K. and Rohidas, B., "Experimental and CFD estimation of heat transfer in helically coiled heat exchangers", Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 86 (3), 221 (2008).
19
[20] Jayakumar, J. S., Mahajani, S. M., Mandal, J. C., Iyer K. N. and Vijayan, P. K., "CFD analysis of single-phase flows inside helically coiled tubes", Comput. Chem. Eng., 34 (4), 430 (2010).
20
[21] Shokouhmand, H., Salimpour, M. R. and Akhavan-Behabadi, M. A., "Experimental investigation of shell and coiled tube heat exchangers using wilson plots", Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer., 35 (1), 84 (2008).
21
[22] Fluent 6.2®, Fluent Inc, Lebanon, NH, USA, 2005.
22
[23] Launder, B. E. and Spalding, D. B., "The numerical computation of turbulent flows", Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 3 (2), 269 (1974).
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simulation of Leaching of Starch from Potato in a Batch Extractor
> In this paper, extraction of starch and protein from potato during leaching in a batch extractor, using distilled water as the solvent, was investigated. The experiments were carried out by soaking bulk of infinite slab shape potato samples in distilled water in a temperature and agitation controlled batch extractor at the three temperatures of 30, 45 and 55ºC. A mathematical model was developed for prediction of mass transfer during the leaching process, by defining a partition factor (K) as the ratio of the concentration on the surface of the body to that in the bulk of solution. Diffusion coefficients of the solutes and moisture were obtained by fitting the experimental data of solute loss and moisture gain to the first six terms of the series solution of the mathematical model by using a non-linear regression analysis. The diffusivity values for starch, protein and moisture were evaluated between 0.273u10-10 and 1.577u10-10 m2/s, with adjustment parameter R2 values in the range of 0.941 to 0.986 and mean relative error (MRE) values between 0.092 and 0.356, respectively. Results showed that the proposed model could be used for explaining the diffusion of solutes and moisture into the potatoes, during the leaching process, with acceptable degree of goodness.
https://www.ijche.com/article_11233_20965de41565468dba34b2287b394dcf.pdf
2015-04-01
26
36
Leaching
Extraction
Partition Factor
Potato
Starch
B.
Abbasi Souraki
b.abbasi@guilan.ac.ir
1
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Hasanzadeh
2
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Treybal, R. E., Mass Transfer Operations, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, Singapore, p. 717 (1981).
1
[2] Mestdagh, F., Wilde, T. D., Fraselle, S., Govaert, Y., Ooghe, W., Degroodt, J. M., Verhe, R., Peteghem, C. V. and Meulenaer, B. D., "Optimization of the blanching process to reduce acrylamide in fried potatoes", LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 41, 1648 (2008).
2
[3] Alvani, K., Qi, X., Tester, R. F. and Snape, C. E., "Physico-chemical properties of potato starches", Food Chem., 125, 958 (2011).
3
[4] Grommers, H. E. and Krogt, D. A.V. d., Potato Starch: Production, Modifications and Uses, in: BeMiller, J. and Whistler, R. (Eds.) Starch: Chemistry and Technology, Elsevier Inc., p. 511 (2009).
4
[5] Liu, Q., Donner, E., Tarn, R., Singh, J. and Chung, H. J., "Advanced Analytical Techniques to Evaluate the Quality of Potato and Potato Starch", Elsevier Inc., 221 (2009).
5
[6] Singh, J., Kaur, L. and McCarthy, O. J., "Potato Starch and its Modification", Elsevier Inc., 273 (2009).
6
[7] Vasanthan, T., Bergthaller, W., Driedger, D., Yeung, J. and Sporns, P., "Starch from Alberta potatoes: wet-isolation and some physicochemical properties", Food Res. Int., 32, 355 (1999).
7
[8] Løkra, S., Helland, M. H., Claussenc, I. C., Strætkverna, K. O. and Egelandsdalb, B., "Chemical characterization and functional properties of a potato protein concentrate prepared by large-scale expanded bed adsorption chromatography", LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 41, 1089 (2008).
8
[9] Hojnik, M., Skerget, M. and Knez, Z., "Extraction of lutein from Marigold flower petals - Experimental kinetics and modelling", LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 41, 2008 (2008)
9
[10] Pedreschi, F., Travisany, X., Reyes, C., Troncoso, E. and Pedreschi, R., "Kinetics of extraction of reducing sugar during blanching of potato slices", J. Food Eng., 91, 443 (2009).
10
[11] Yildirim, A., Öner, M. D. and Bayram, M., "Fitting Fick’s model to analyze water diffusion into chickpeas during soaking with ultrasound treatment", J. Food Eng., 104, 134 (2011).
11
[12] Shi, J. and Maguer, M. L., "Mass transfer in cellular material at solid–liquid contacting interface", LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 36, 3 (2003).
12
[13] Chan, C.-H., Yusoff, R. and Ngoh, G. C., "Modeling and kinetics study of conventional and assisted batch solvent extraction", Eng. Research Design, 1169 (2013).
13
[14] Šimková, D., Lachman, J., Hamouz, K. and Vokál, B., "Effect of cultivar, location and year on total starch, amylose, phosphorus content and starch grain size of high starch potato cultivars for food and industrial processing", Food Chem., 141 (4), 3872 (2013).
14
[15] Arroqui, C., Rumsey, T. R., Lopez, A. and Virseda, P., "Effect of different soluble solids in the water on the ascorbic acid losses during water blanching of potato tissue", J. Food Eng., 47 (2), 123 (2001).
15
[16] Crank, J., The Mathematics of Diffusion, second ed., Oxford University Press, London, p. 56 (1975).
16
[17] AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis, 13th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C. p. 614 (1980).
17
[18] Gornall, A. G., Bardawill, C. J. and David, M. M., "Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction", J. Biol. Chem., 177, 751 (1948).
18
[19] Bevington, P. R. and Robinson, D. K., Data Reduction and Error Analysis for Physical Sciences, 3ed., McGraw-Hill Higher Education, p. 116 (2003).
19
[20] Mujumdar, A. S., Handbook of industrial drying, Second ed., Marcel Dekker Inc., USA, p. 82 (1995).
20
[21] Souraki, B. A., Ghaffari, A. and Bayat, Y., "Mathematical modeling of moisture and solute diffusion in the cylindrical green bean during osmotic dehydration in salt solution", Food Bioprod. Process., 90, 64 (2012).
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CFD Insight of the Flow Dynamics and Velocity Fields in a Gas Turbine Combustor with a Swirl Flame
The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of gas turbine combustor were performed for CH4/air flow with swirl flames. The flow dynamics and velocity fields were numerically studied and the results compared with the experimental data obtained by laser measurements. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulations were performed with consideration of a two-step oxy-combustion reaction kinetics model. The Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) combustion model was used in the numerical analysis. The numerical results obtained by EDC model were in good agreement with the experimental data. However, an error analysis showed that the simulated mean velocity components obtained by 3-D geometry were more consistent with the experimental data than those obtained by 2-D geometry.
https://www.ijche.com/article_11234_e87b4aefe4934a3e2ffd554afa68fa2d.pdf
2015-04-01
37
49
Gas turbine
Combustion
CFD Simulation
Flow Dynamics
Velocity fields
A. R.
Bahramian*
bahramian@hut.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Guiberti, T. F., Durox, D., Scouflaire, P. and Schuller T., "Impact of heat l T. oss and hydrogen enrichment on the shape of confined swirling flames", P. Combust. Inst., 35 (2), 1385 (2015).
1
[2] Day, M., Tachibana, Sh., Bell, J., Lijewski, M., Beckner, V. and Cheng, R, K., "A combined computational and experimental characterization of lean premixed turbulent low swirl laboratory flames II. Hydrogen flames", Combust. Flame, 162 (5), 2148 (2015).
2
[3] Singh, S. and Chander, S., "Heat transfer characteristics of dual swirling flame impinging on a flat surface", Int. J. Thermal. Sci., 89 (1), 1 (2015).
3
[4] González-Cencerrado, A., Gil, A. and Peña, B., "Characterization of PF flames under different swirl conditions based on visualization systems", Fuel, 113 (1), 798 (2013).
4
[5] Pianko-Oprych, P., Nienow, A.W. and Barigou, M., "Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) compared to particle image velocimetry (PIV) for studying the flow generated by a pitched-blade turbine in single phase and multi-phase systems", Chem. Eng. Sci., 64 (23), 49551 (2009).
5
[6] Birjandi, A. H. and Bibeau, E. L., "Improvement of Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry in bubbly flow measurements as applied to river characterization for kinetic turbines", Int. J. Multiphase. Flow., 37 (8), 919 (2011).
6
[7] Ainsworth, R.W., Thorpe, S. J. and Manners, R. J., "A new approach to flow-field measurement—A view of Doppler global velocimetry techniques", Int. J. Heat. Fluid. Flow., 18 (1), 116 (1997).
7
[8] Bulat, G., Fedina, E., Fureby, C., Meier, W. and Stopper, U., "Reacting flow in an industrial gas turbine combustor: LES and experimental analysis", P. Combust. Inst., 35 (3), 3175 (2015).
8
[9] Krieger, G. C., Campos, A. P. V., Takehara, M. D. B., Alfaia da Cunha, F. and Gurgel Veras, C. A. "Numerical simulation of oxy-fuel combustion for gas turbine applications", Appl. Therm. Eng., 78 (1), 471 (2015).
9
[10] Gobbato, P., Masi, M., Toffolo, A., Lazzaretto, A. and Tanzini, G., "Calculation of the flow field and NOx emissions of a gas turbine combustor by a coarse computational fluid dynamics model", Energy, 45 (1), 445 (2012).
10
[11] Gicquel, L. Y. M., Staffelbach, G. and Poinsot, T. "Large Eddy Simulations of gaseous flames in gas turbine combustion chambers", Prog. Energ. Combust., 38 (6), 782 (2012).
11
[12] Lee, J., Jeon, S., and Kim, Y., "Multi-environment probability density function approach for turbulent CH4/H2 flames under the MILD combustion condition", Combust. Flame, 162 (4), 1464 (2015).
12
[13] Ganji, H. B. and Ebrahimi, R., "Numerical estimation of blowout, flashback, and flame position in MIT micro gas-turbine chamber", Chem. Eng. Sci., 104 (18), 857 (2013).
13
[14] Prieler, R., Demuth, M., Spoljaric, D. and Hochenauer, Ch., "Evaluation of a steady flamelet approach for use in oxy-fuel combustion", Fuel, 118 (1), 55 (2014).
14
[15] Magnussen, B. F. and Hjertager, B. H., "On mathematical modeling of turbulent combustion with special emphasis on soot formation and combustion", Symp. (Int.) Combust., 16, (1) 719 (1977).
15
[16] Stefanidis, G. D., Merci, B., Heynderickx, G. J. and Marin, G. B., "CFD simulations of steam cracking furnaces using detailed combustion mechanisms", Comput. Chem. Eng., 30 (4), 635 (2006).
16
[17] Maghbouli, A., Khoshbakhti Saray, R., Shafee, S. and Ghafouri, J., "Numerical study of combustion and emission characteristics of dual-fuel engines using 3D-CFD models coupled with chemical kinetics", Fuel, 106 (1), 98 (2013).
17
[18] Lee, G. W., Shon, B .H. Yoo, J .G. Jung, J .H. and Oh, K .J., "The influence of mixing between NH3 and NO for a De-NOx reaction in the SNCR process", J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 14 (4), 457 (2008).
18
[19] Di Benedetto, A., Di Sarli, V. and Russo, G., "Effect of geometry on the thermal behavior of catalytic micro-combustors", Catal. Today, 155 (1–2), 116 (2010).
19
[20] Weigand, P., Meier, W., Duan X. R., Stricker, W. and Aigner, M., "Investigations of swirl flames in a gas turbine model combustor I. Flow field, structures, temperature, and species distributions", Combust. Flame, 144 (1), 205 (2006).
20
[21] Ma, T., Gao, Y., Kempf, A. M. and Chakraborty, N., "Validation and implementation of algebraic LES modelling of scalar dissipation rate for reaction rate closure in turbulent premixed combustion", Combust. Flame, 161 (12), 3134 (2014).
21
[22] Ertesvag, I. S. and Magnussen, B. F., "The eddy dissipation turbulence energy cascade model", Combust. Sci. Technol., 159 (1), 213 (2000).
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biological Conversion of Normal Chain Octadecane by Native Microbial Consortia
"> Long-chain alkanes are a major constituent of crude oils and their conversions into other compounds are of interest depending on the specific application. Here, five native microbial consortia obtained from petroleum polluted sites were examined for biological conversion of n-octadecane as a representative of long chain alkanes. The experiments were implemented in 250 mL flasks containing 0.5 g n-octadecane in 40 mL culture media kept on a shaker at 160 rpm and 30C for one week. A pure culture of Psedumonas putida was inoculated at the same condition for comparison. Amongst the consortia, ABN52 imposed more obvious changes on n-octadecane. The GC-MS analysis of daily samples showed the appearance of lighter branched compounds at the first and second days of incubation but disappeared in the following days. At the end of incubation time up to 20 (w/w%) of the initial substrate was turned into polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). It also suggested higher activity of the consortia compared to the pure culture of Psedumonas putida. Keywords: Bioconversion, Aalkanes, Polyhydroxyalkanoate, PHA, Pseudomonas Putida
https://www.ijche.com/article_11235_381df1425d620b577f40b8fad0a557a3.pdf
2015-04-01
50
58
Bioconversion
Aalkanes
Polyhydroxyalkanoate
PHA
Pseudomonas putida
F.
Ghavipanjeh*
fghavipanjeh@merc.ac.ir
1
Energy Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Meshkin Dasht, Karaj, IR Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Pazouki
2
Energy Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Meshkin Dasht, Karaj, IR Iran
AUTHOR
Z.
Ziaei Rad
3
Energy Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Meshkin Dasht, Karaj, IR Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Hosseinnia
4
Energy Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Meshkin Dasht, Karaj, IR Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Vazquez-Duhalt, R. and Quintero-Ramirez, R., "Studies in surface science and catalysis, Petroleum Biotechnology Developments and Perspectives", Elsevier, 151, 29 (2004).
1
[2] Das, N. and Chandran, P., "Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminants, an Overview", Biotechnol. Res. Int., 2011 (2011).
2
[3] Yanto, D. H. Y. and Tachibana, S., "Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by a newly isolated Pestalotiopsis sp. NG007", Int. Biodet. Biodeg., 85, 438 (2013).
3
[4] Labinger, J. A. and Bercaw, J. E., "Understanding and exploiting C-H bond activation", Nature, 417, 507 (2002).
4
[5] Tapilatu, Y., Acquaviva, M., Guigue, C., Miralles, G., Bertrand, J. C. and Cuny, P.,"Isolation of alkane-degrading bacteria from deep-sea Mediterranean sediments",Lett. App. Microbiol., 50 (2), 234 (2010).
5
[6] Roj, F., "Minireview Degradation of alkanes by bacteria", Environ. Microbiol., 11 (10), 2477 (2009).
6
[7] Das, K. and Mukherjee, A. K., "Crude petroleum-oil biodegradation efficiency of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from a petroleum-oil contaminated soil from North-East India", Biores. Technol., 98, 1339 (2007).
7
[8] Alzaga, R., Montuori, P., Ortiz, L., Bayona, J. M. and Albaige´s, J., "Fast solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure for oil fingerprinting - Application to the Prestige oil spill", J. Chromatography A, 1025, 133 (2004).
8
[9] Ta-Chen, L., Chang, J. Sh. and Young, C. C., "Exopolysaccharides produced by Gordonia alkanivorans enhance bacterial degradation activity for diesel", Biotechnol. Lett., 30, 1201 (2008).
9
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10
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11
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Adsorption Behavior of Short Alkyl Chain Imidazolium Ionic Liquidsat N-Butyl Acetate + Water Interface: Experiments and Modeling
e"> The adsorption behavior of three amphiphilic ionic liquids (ILs), 1-alkyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride {[Cnmim][Cl], n=68}at the interface of n-butyl acetate + water system was studied with IL concentration range of 1.00×104-1.00×101 mol·dm3 and temperature range of 293.2-318.2 K. The ILs behave as strong surfactants in this chemical system and significantly reduce the interfacial tension with the order of their alkyl chain length and is consistent with their hydrophobicity nature. An almost linear decrease of interfacial tension with temperature was also relevant. The experimental data were satisfactorily reproduced with Szyszkowski equation, implying an ideal ILs adsorption. In this regard, the Langmuir maximum interface excess and equilibrium adsorption constant were obtained at different temperatures for each IL. Accordingly, effectiveness of adsorption and adsorption tendency increase with the alkyl chain length. At the saturated interface, increasing temperature leads to declining Langmuir maximum interface excess due to disrupting surrounding water molecules around ILs hydrophobic portions. However, adsorption tendency of ILs increases slightly with temperature.
https://www.ijche.com/article_11236_951ed8ae81670f8238a64047b4e9db36.pdf
2015-04-01
59
74
Ionic Liquids
Alkyl Chain Length
Interfacial Tension
Szyszkows kiequation
Ideal Adsorption
J.
Saien
1
Bu–Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Kharazi
2
Bu–Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Asadabadi
3
Bu–Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Sarangi, S. S., Raju, S. G. and Balasubramanian, S., "Molecular dynamics simulations of ionic liquid-vapour interfaces: Effect of cation symmetry on structure at the interface", Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13 (7), 2714 (2011).
1
[2] Dong, B., Li, N., Zheng, L., Yu, L. and Inoue, T., "Surface adsorption and micelle formation of surface active ionic liquids in aqueous solution", Langmuir, 23 (8), 4178 (2007).
2
[3] Ghatee, M. H. and Zolghadr, A. R., "Surface tension measurements of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at liquid-vapor equilibrium", Fluid Phase Equilib., 263 (2), 168 (2008).
3
[4] Azizov, A. H., Aliyeva, R. V., Kalbaliyeva, E. S. and Ibrahimova, M. J., "Selective synthesis and the mechanism of formation of the oligoalkylnaphthenic oils by oligocyclization of 1-hexene in the presence of ionic-liquid catalysts", Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 375 (1), 70 (2010).
4
[5] Likhanova, N. V., Domínguez-Aguilar, M. A., Olivares-Xometl, O., Nava-Entzana, N., Arce, E. and Dorantes, H., "The effect of ionic liquids with imidazolium and pyridinium cations on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic environment", Corros. Sci., 52 (6), 2088 (2010).
5
[6] Zhou, Z., Jing, G. and Zhou, L., "Characterization and absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous solution of amino acid ionic liquid [N1111][Gly] and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol", Chem. Eng. J., 204, 235 (2012).
6
[7] Zhang, X. J., Wang, J. Y. and Hu, Y.Q., "Interfacial tension of n-alkane and ionic liquid systems", J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55 (11), 4687 (2010).
7
[8] Ha, S. H., Mai, N. L. and Koo, Y. M., "Butanol recovery from aqueous solution into ionic liquids by liquid-liquid extraction", Process Biochem., 45 (12), 1899 (2010).
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[9] Gao, R. and Zheng, J., "Direct electrochemistry of myoglobin based on DNA accumulation on carbon ionic liquid electrode", Electrochem. Commun., 11 (7), 1527 (2009).
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[10] Li, P., Du, Z., Wang, G., Zhi, L. and Huazhong, S., "Adsorption and aggregation behavior of n-undecyl ammonium acetate ionic liquid in aqueous solution", J. Disper. Sci. Technol., 35 (3), 364 (2013).
10
[11] Qi, X., Zhang, X., Luo, G., Han, C., Liu, C. and Zhang, S., "Mixing behavior of conventional cationic surfactants and ionic liquid surfactant 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C14mim]Br) in aqueous medium", J. Disper. Sci. Technol., 34, 125 (2012).
11
[12] Zhao, Y., Yue, X., Wang, X., Huang, D. and Chen, X., "Micelle formation by N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidinium bromide ionic liquids in aqueous solution", Colloids. Surf. A, 412, 90 (2012).
12
[13] Matsubara, H., Onohara, A., Imai, Y., Shimamoto, K., Takiue, T. and Aratono, M., "Effect of temperature and counterion on adsorption of imidazolium ionic liquids at air-water interface", Colloids Surf. A, 370 (1-3), 113 (2010).
13
[14] Srinivasa Rao, K., Gehlot, P. S., Trivedi, T. J. and Kumar, A., "Self-assembly of new surface active ionic liquids based on aerosol-OT in aqueous media", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 428, 267 (2014).
14
[15] Saien, J. and Asadabadi, S., "Temperature effect on adsorption of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at liquid–liquid interface", Colloids Surf. A, 431, 34 (2013).
15
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[17] Waheed, M. A., Henschke, M. and Pfennig, A., "Mass transfer by free and forced convection from single spherical liquid drops", Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 45 (22), 4507 (2002).
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[18] Saien, J. and Akbari, S., "Variations of interfacial tension of the n-butyl acetate + water system with sodium dodecyl sulfate from (15-22)°C and pH between 6 and 9", J. Chem. Eng. Data, 53 (2), 525 (2008).
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24
[25] Saien, J. and Asadabadi, S., "Adsorption and interfacial properties of individual and mixtures of cationic/nonionic surfactants in toluene + water chemical systems", J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55 (9), 3817 (2010).
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[39] Radzio, K. and Prochaska, K., "Interfacial activity of trioctyloamine in hydrocarbon/water systems with nonorganic electrolytes", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 233 (2), 211 (2001).
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Study and CFD Modeling of the Ohmic Heating Process in a Static Two-Phase Biosolid – Liquid System
The effective parameters on Ohmic heating in static system containing biosolid-water were studied. The effects of distribution of particles, salinity and electric field strength on electrical conductivity, profiles of temperature, heat generation have been investigated. The experimental data verification with simulation results using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method were carried out. Governing equations (heat transfer and electrical equations) were discretized with finite element method. The experimental data and CFD results showed that in Ohmic heating process, the current diffusion in all the products is faster than traditional methods and the diffusion rates are equal for both biosolid-liquid phases.
https://www.ijche.com/article_11237_dcc56c58add71f530a81231cd2b43892.pdf
2015-04-01
75
87
Ohmic Heating
Biosolid-Liquid
CFD
Electrical conductivity
Salinity
Electrical Field Strength
M.
Keshavarz Moraveji*
moraveji@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
E.
Ghaderi
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Assiry, A. M., Sastry, S. K. and Samaranayake, C. P., "Influence of temperature, electrical conductivity, power and pH on ascorbic acid degradation kinetics during Ohmic Heating using stainless steel electrodes", Bio-electrochem., 68 (1), 7 (2006).
1
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2
[3] Marra, F., Zell, M., Lyng, J. G., Morgan, D. J. and Cronin, D. A., "Analysis of heat transfer during Ohmic processing of a solid food", J. Food Eng., 91(1), 56 (2009).
3
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4
[5] Skudder, P. J., "New system for sterilization of particulate food products by Ohmic heating", In Aseptic Processing of Food, (H. Reuter, ed.), Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, p. 95 (1993).
5
[6] Piette, G., Buteau, M. L., Halleux, D. De, Chiu, L., Raymond, Y., Ramaswamy, H. S. and Dostie, M., "Ohmic cooking of processed meats and its effects on product quality", J. Food Sci., 69 (2), 71(2004).
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[7] Salengke, S. and Sastry, S. K., "Models for Ohmic heating of solid–liquid mixtures under worst-case heating scenarios", Agr. Biologic. Eng., 337 (2007).
7
[8] Ye, X., Ruan, R., Chen, P., Chang, K., Ning, K., Taub, I. A. and Doona, C., "Accurate and fast temperature mapping during Ohmic heating using proton resonance frequency shift MRI thermometry", J. Food Eng., 59,143(2003).
8
[9] Moraveji, M. K. and Ghaderi, E., "Effective Parameters Consideration in Ohmic heating process in two phase static system of bio-particle-liquid", Int. J. Food Eng., 7 (1), 1 (2011).
9
[10] Marcotte, M., "Ohmic heating of viscous liquid", Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chernistry Macdonald Campus of McGill University Sainte- Anne-de- Bellevue, Québec, Canada, (1999).
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[11] Tulsiyan, P., Sarang, S. and Sastry, S.
11
K., "Electrical conductivity of multi-component systems during Ohmic heating", Int. J. Food Prop., 11, 1 (2008).
12
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13
[13] Fryer, P. J., De Alwis, A. A. P., Koury, E., Stapley, A. G. F. and Zhang, L., "Ohmic processing of solid-liquid mixtures: heat generation and convection effects", J. Food Eng.,18, 101 (1993).
14