Iranian Association of Chemical Engineers(IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering(IJChE)1735-539712420151001Characterization and optimization of SAPO-34 catalysts synthesized by mixed templates in MTO reaction41411695ENSh. MasoumiFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJ. TowfighiFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151115"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The effects of templating on the catalytic performance of SAPO-34 catalyst</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>have been investigated in conversion of methanol to olefins. SAPO-34</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>catalysts were synthesized using a different combination of morphine,</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) and triethylamine (TEA) as</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>structure-directing agents during synthesis of gel with nominal composition</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>as 1Al</em><span style="font-size: 6pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>2</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>O</em><span style="font-size: 6pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>:1P</em><span style="font-size: 6pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>2</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>O</em><span style="font-size: 6pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>5</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>:0.4SiO</em><span style="font-size: 6pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>2</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>:2yTEAOH:2xTEA:2(1-(x+y))morpholine:70H</em><span style="font-size: 6pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>2</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>O.</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The different SAPO-34 samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR,</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>BET, EDX and TPD techniques. Increasing TEAOH in synthesis gel led to</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>decreasing mean crystal size. The catalytic performance of the synthesized</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>catalysts was tested in MTO reaction at 410</em><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>C and a feed WHSV of 6.5 1/h.</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The catalyst synthesized by combination of tri-templates exhibited highest</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>light olefins yield in 100% methanol conversion. The optimum values</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(X=0.17, Y=0.34) were obtained by central composite design and response</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>surface contour plots.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>https://www.ijche.com/article_11695_86b8e5174281720b70773b16d5222e06.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineers(IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering(IJChE)1735-539712420151001A three-dimensional mathematical model for drug delivery from drug-eluting stents152711696ENP. DarvishiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering,
Yasouj University, Yasouj, IranS. M. SalehiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering,
Yasouj University, Yasouj, IranJournal Article20151115<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Current drug-eluting stent (DES) technology is not optimized with</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>regard to the pharmacokinetics of drug release, more research on the</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>drug-eluting stent design and flux of drug release to the arterial wall</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>is necessary. Considering a three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>mathematical model, a novel free drug mass transfer release has</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>been formulated and applied for better estimation of the drug</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>concentration in the tissue. The transport equations involved both</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>convection and diffusion equations. Besides, a reversible reaction in</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>the arterial wall was considered. The present model was solved by an</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>appropriate numerical simulation method and the predicted results</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>were compared with in vivo data. To find out the rate-limiting step,</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>the time scale analysis was also applied. The obtained results showed</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>that the binding process is more limited by convection and diffusion,</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>where convection is the rate-controlling step. It is also demonstrated</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>that the presented approach has advantages over the prior free drug</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>mass transfer models, including better data prediction and satisfying</em> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>mass transfer consistency.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span>https://www.ijche.com/article_11696_c55fd70185c44803381be25a4588febf.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineers(IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering(IJChE)1735-539712420151001Synthesis of a high characteristics activated carbon from walnut shell for the removal of Cr (VI) and Fe (II) from aqueous solution: single and binary solutes adsorption285111697ENM. Ghasemi1Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Shariati Street, Babol, IranA. A. Ghoreyshi1Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Shariati Street, Babol, IranH. Younesi2Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resource & Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, IranS. Khoshhal KhoshhalDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Shariati Street, Babol, IranJournal Article20151115<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>A high performance activated carbon was synthesized using walnut shell as a</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>solid waste through a two-step zinc chloride chemical activation-thermal</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>pyrolysis process. Characterization results demonstrated its porous structure</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>with very good textural properties such as high BET surface area (1223 m</em><span style="font-size: 6pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>2</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>/g)</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>and high total pore volume (0.85 cm</em><span style="font-size: 6pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>3</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>/g). The final adsorbent was used for</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>adsorption of Fe (II) and Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. Effect ofpH, initial</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>concentration of metal ions, temperature, and contact time on adsorption</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>capacity of the adsorbent was investigated. Adsorption results revealed that</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>the maximum removal of Fe (II) and Cr (VI) ions, occurred at pH 4. 5 and 2</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>respectively, were 96.2% and 99% at 313K. The equilibrium and kinetics</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>data for adsorption of single-component ions were well described by the Sips</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>isotherm and the pseudo-nth-order models, respectively. The impact of</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>competing ions was studied by adsorption of a binary solution of Fe (II) and</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Cr (VI) ions. The binary adsorption isotherm was described by the modified</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Langmuir model and model parameters were found following an optimization</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>procedure by genetic algorithm. Finally, the developed walnut-shell based</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>activated carbon showed higher adsorption efficiency compared to other</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>activated carbons at similar conditions.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span>https://www.ijche.com/article_11697_cd9243a5e5b63effca87f75f9cda007b.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineers(IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering(IJChE)1735-539712420151001Effect of graphite oxidation on the yield and quality of graphene synthesized by supercritical exfoliation and its application in photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue526811698ENA. HadiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJ. Karimi-SabetNFCRS, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, IranS. M. A. Moosavian1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranS. GhorbanianDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151115<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>After fullerene and nanotubes, graphene is a new allotrope of carbon. This</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>attractive nanomaterial can be produced by different methods. In this work,</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>we have used the less common approach for preparation of graphene. This</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>technique is based on the utilization of supercritical fluid. Ethanol was used</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>as the solvent for exfoliation of pristine graphite, at the temperature of 400</em> <span style="font-size: 6pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>o</em><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>C and pressure of 40 MPa. In addition, supercritical ethanol was used to</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>reduce and exfoliate graphite oxide. FT-IR spectra indicate that reduction</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>and exfoliation of graphite oxide can be done in supercritical ethanol,</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>simultaneously. Effect of graphite oxidation on the yield and quality of</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>graphene was investigated and results showed that oxidation of graphite can</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>improve the yield of supercritical process from 12.5% to 26.8%, but Raman</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>spectra revealed that quality of graphene samples produced by graphite</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>oxide is lower than neat graphite. Moreover, the impacts of initial graphite</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>concentration and sonication power on the exfoliation yield were studied.</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Finally, hybrid structure of graphene and titanium dioxide nanoparticles</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>were prepared by ultrasonic method and used for photocatalytic degradation</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>of methylene blue dye pollutant. Results revealed that titanium dioxide</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>nanoparticles show better photocatalytic performance in presence of</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>graphene sheets.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span>https://www.ijche.com/article_11698_0a5022eb5c29b7daf432bd5031b00804.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineers(IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering(IJChE)1735-539712420151001Polysulfone/ Carbon Nanotubes Asymmetric Nanocomposite Membranes: Effect of Nanotubes Surface Modification on Morphology and Water Permeability698315045ENMohammad Reza MoghbeliSiamak KhoshrouSchool of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)Ismaeil GhasemiIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, IranJournal Article20150724Polysulfone/carbon nanotubes (PSF/CNTs) nanocomposite membrane was prepared via phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation technique. In addition, the surface of the CNTs were functionalized by polar carboxylic and amine groups to improve the interaction between the CNTs and the polymer matrix. For this purpose, the neat CNTs were chemically treated using sulfuric acid/ nitric acid (H2SO4/HNO3) mixture and an aromatic amine agent, i.e. 1-4-diamino benzene (DABZ), to produce the functional groups on the CNTs surface. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated the presence of carboxylic- and amine-functional groups on the nanotubes surface. Asymmetric PSF composite membrane with various levels of the functionalized CNTs were prepared to investigate the effect of functional group type on the morphology and water flux rate of the resulting membranes. The results showed that the incorporation of the functionalized CNTs up to 0.5 wt% increased the pore size and surface roughness of the sheet membranes, while further addition decreased porosity and roughness. Higher water flux rate was observed for the amine-functionalized CNTs (af-CNTs) reinforced PSF membrane when compared with the membranes reinforced with the carboxyl-functionalized CNTs (cf-CNTs). The stronger compatibility between af-CNTs and the PSF matrix caused higher water permeability. The salt rejection performance of these microfiltration composite membranes was evaluated.https://www.ijche.com/article_15045_36649c57af1043d781c5fd48778fbe7f.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineers(IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering(IJChE)1735-539712420151001Kinetics investigation of cell growth, xanthan production and sugar cane molasses consumption by Xanthomonas campestris849215368ENMohammad PazoukiMaterials and Energy CenterAli ZakeriMaterial and energy research centerManoucher VossoughiChemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of TechnologyJournal Article20150811In this research, unstructured kinetic modeling for cell growth evaluation by X.campestris, xanthan production and sugar cane molasses consumption in a batch culture were investigated. Logistic model for biomass growth, Luedeking-Piret model for xanthan biopolymer production and modified Luedeking-Piret model for sugar cane molasses consumption provides an accurate prediction of the fermentation kinetics parameters with high coefficient of determination R2 values.Luedeking-Piret model for xanthan biopolymer production in three different concentration of sugar cane molasses (30, 60 and 90 g/l) as the sole carbon source substrate were studied. A good agreement between experimental and predicted values indicated that the unstructured models were able to describe this fermentation process successfully. The values of specific growth rate μ_max of logestic model for sugar cane molasses (30, 60 and 90 g/l) were 0.029, 0.031 and 0.032 h-1 respectively. The values of α and β is 5.280, 6.594, 8.518 and 0.072, 0.066, 0.086 respectively which shows that the xanthan production is growth associated since the value of the growth associated parameter α is much more than the value of nongrowth associated parameter β in Luedeking Piret model. Moreover, the values of γ and 𝜂 in modified Luedeking-Piret model were obtained.https://www.ijche.com/article_15368_72337c1832249e99fd3b3eb0a9feb9c0.pdfIranian Association of Chemical Engineers(IAChE)Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering(IJChE)1735-539712420151001Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Novel Antioxidant Delivery System9310011701ENJournal Article20151115<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Antioxidants have an important role in control and prevention of dangerous</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>diseases like cancers, but instability and high solubility of the antioxidants are</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>major challenges of pharmaceutical researchers. Thus, using a suitable carrier</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>for an antioxidant can enhance the antioxidant stability and protect it from</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>reacting with the other existing molecules in the blood circulation. Mesoporous</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely used as a carrier for therapeutic</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>applications because of their suitable biological properties. This study attempts</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>to improve the surface properties and increase antioxidant loading by</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>functionaliztion of MSNs with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (AP-MSNs) via</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>post- synthesis grafting method. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zetasizer and Fourier transform</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Gallic acid (GA) was loaded into AP-MSNs. To</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>optimize GA loading capacity, two effective parameters: GA concentration and</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>embedding time were investigated. So different concentrations of GA in EtOH</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>(1-50 mg/mL) were prepared and sampling was done in 24 and 48 h. Results</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>showed that the best GA loading capacity was obtained at a concentration of</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>40 mg/mL in 48 h. The maximum GA loading capacity and entrapment</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>efficiency were obtained 46 and 20%, respectively, determined by</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)</em> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>analysis.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span>https://www.ijche.com/article_11701_90ed4b43113069caf82b568aa3f86ccf.pdf